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According to National AIDS Control Organization of India, the prevalence of AIDS in India in 2013 was 0.27, which is down from 0.41 in 2002.〔http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/world-aids-day-india-records-sharp-drop-in-number-of-cases/299798〕 While the National AIDS Control Organisation estimated that 2.39 million people live with HIV/AIDS in India in 2008–09,〔http://nacoonline.org/upload/REPORTS/NACO%20Annual%20Report%202010-11.pdf〕 a more recent investigation by the Million Death Study Collaborators in the British Medical Journal (2010) estimates the population to be between 1.4–1.6 million people.〔http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c621〕 The last decade has seen a 50% decline in the number of new HIV infections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= India sees 50% decline in new hiv infections: un report )〕 According to more recent National AIDS Control Organisation data, India has demonstrated an overall reduction of 57 percent in estimated annual new HIV infections (among adult population) from 0.274 million in 2000 to 0.116 million in 2011, and the estimated number of people living with HIV was 2.08 million in 2011.〔http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/world-aids-day-india-records-sharp-drop-in-number-of-cases-299730〕 ==Epidemiology== Despite being home to the world's third-largest population suffering from HIV/AIDS (with South Africa and Nigeria having more), the AIDS prevalence rate in India is lower than in many other countries. In 2007, India's AIDS prevalence rate stood at approximately 0.30%—the 89th highest in the world.〔(CIA World Factbook publication – AIDS prevalence rates )〕 The spread of HIV in India is primarily restricted to the southern and north-eastern regions of the country and India has also been praised for its extensive anti-AIDS campaign.〔(Clinton lauds India Aids campaign )〕 The US$2.5 billion National AIDS Control Plan III was set up by India in 2007 and received support from UNAIDS〔(India: Driving forward an effective AIDS response )〕 The main factors which have contributed to India's large HIV-infected population are extensive labor migration and low literacy levels in certain rural areas resulting in lack of awareness and gender disparity.〔(Source of Infections in AIDS cases in India ), Embassy of India〕 The Government of India has also raised concerns about the role of intravenous drug use and prostitution in spreading AIDS, especially in north-east India and certain urban pockets.〔 A 2006 study published in the British medical journal "The Lancet" reported an approximately 30% decline in HIV infections among young women aged 15 to 24 years attending prenatal clinics in selected southern states of India from 2000 to 2004 where the epidemic is thought to be concentrated. Recent studies suggest that many married women in India, despite practicing monogamy and having no other risk behaviors, acquire HIV from their husbands and HIV testing of married males can be an effective HIV prevention strategy for general population.〔(Das A, Babu GR, Ghosh P et al. Epidemiologic correlates of willingness to be tested for HIV and prior testing among married men in India. Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Dec;24(12):957-68. doi: 10.1177/0956462413488568. )〕 The authors cautiously attribute observed declines to increased condom use by men who visit commercial sex workers and cite several pieces of corroborating evidence. Some efforts have been made to tailor educational literature to those with low literacy levels, mainly through local libraries as this is the most readily accessible locus of information for interested parties.〔Ghosh, Maitrayee 2007 ICT and AIDS Literacy: A Challenge for Information Professionals in India. Electronic Library & Information Systems 41(2):134–147〕 Increased awareness regarding the disease and citizen's related rights is in line with the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. The estimated adult HIV prevalence was 0.32% in 2008 and 0.31% in 2009. The states with high HIV prevalence rates include Manipur (1.40%), Andhra Pradesh (0.90%), Mizoram (0.81%), Nagaland (0.78%), Karnataka (0.63%) and Maharashtra (0.55%). The adult HIV prevalence in India is declining from estimated level of 0.41% in 2000 through 0.36% in 2006 to 0.31% in 2009. Adult HIV prevalence at a national level has declined notably in many states, but variations still exist across the states. A decreasing trend is also evident in HIV prevalence among the young population of 15–24 years. The estimated number of new annual HIV infections has declined by more than 50% over the past decade. According to Michel Sidibé, Executive Director of UNAIDS, India’s success comes from using an evidence-informed and human rights-based approach that is backed by sustained political leadership and civil society engagement. India must now strive to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.〔http://www.nacoonline.org/upload/HomePage/NACO%20Press%20Release%20on%20HIV%20Estimates.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HIV/AIDS in India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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